An elevated percentage of hemoglobin F is suggestive of a ß0 thalassemia, hemoglobin S E disease, or hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. Condition Description: A red blood cell disorder characterized by presence of fetal hemoglobin (F) and hemoglobin S in the absence of hemoglobin A. Thirty patients of HbE/β-thalassemia (age > 18 years) were enrolled. Each hemoglobin molecule contains two pairs of globin chains, one is called alpha and the other is called beta. Beta thalassemia homozygotes or compound heterozygotes have a more marked anemia in which Hb F may be the dominant hemoglobin. Hemoglobin C/β Thalassemia (phenotype: FCA or FC in infants and CA or C in adults) Co-inheritance of the gene for hemoglobin C and thalassemia, termed hemoglobin C/ thalassemia, has clinical manifestations ranging from mild to moderate, depending upon the degree of the thalassemia affecting the hemoglobin A gene. Differential Diagnosis: Homozygous sickle cell disease (Hb SS), sickle beta-zero thalassemia, or sickle hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (S-HPFH). Condition Description: An uncommonred blood cell disorder characterized by presence of fetal hemoglobin (F) and hemoglobin C in the absence of hemoglobin … Hemoglobin electrophoresis is usually normal in an individual with the alpha-thalassemia trait. Worldwide, there are hundreds of different hemoglobin types. Hemoglobin Barts and Alpha Thalassemia Hemoglobin is a protein responsible for carrying oxygen and giving blood its red color. Fetal hemoglobin, or foetal haemoglobin (also hemoglobin F, HbF, or α 2 γ 2) is the main oxygen carrier protein in the human fetus.Hemoglobin F is found in fetal red blood cells, and is involved in transporting oxygen from the mother's bloodstream to organs and tissues in the fetus. In normal healthy subjects variable levels of HbF are related to the presence of the polymorphism (G)gamma -158 (C>T). Objectives: The increase in hemoglobin (Hb) F level is variably associated to the presence of beta thalassemia trait, and is more typical in presence of deltabeta thalassemia and of hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin. Certain chronic viral infections (eg CMV, EBV) Clinical significance of Hemoglobin F In newborns, foetal hemoglobin is almost completely replaced by adult hemoglobin by the age of 6 months postnatally, but in a few thalassemia patients there may be a delay in cessation of HbF production until 3–5 years of age. The relative percentage of adult Hb A varies from 0% in the β0/β0 state to over 30% in milder β+/β+ variants. Differential Diagnosis: Homozygous hemoglobin C, hemoglobin C/beta zero (β0) thalassemia, or hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (Hb C/HPFH). Thalassemia • A single deletion (α-thalassemia minor) – silent carrier state – RBC morphology and hemoglobin concentrations are usually normal • Two gene deletion (α-thalassemia minor) – Mild microcytic anemia • Three gene deletion (hemoglobin H disease) – Precipitated β chains—Hb H To study safety, efficacy (hemoglobin and hemoglobin F percentage increment in non-transfusion-dependent patients and decrease in transfusion frequency in transfusion-dependent patients), and determinants of response of decitabine in patients with HbE/β-thalassemia. Hemoglobin F (HbF, α 2 /γ 2) is a normal ... helpful for diagnosis of alpha-thalassemia except in infants where the presence of Hb Bart’s or HbH indicates alpha-thalassemia.