He was the younger brother of Archduke Josef Ferdinand, and his father was Grand Duke Ferdinand Salvatore Maria Giuseppe Giovanni Battista Francesco Lodovico Gonzaga Raffaele Ranerio Gennaro of Tuscany (1835-1908). The arrest of Gavrilo Princip (centre), 1914. He was there as inspector general of the imperial army. Only after renouncing his future children’s rights to the throne was the morganatic marriage allowed in 1900. One month later, on July 28, Austria-Hungary declared war on the country seemingly behind the murders, Serbia. But because of Franz Ferdinand’s ill health in the 1890s, his younger brother Otto was regarded as more likely to succeed, a possibility that deeply embittered Franz Ferdinand. In 1909, she was given the more senior title "Duchess of Hohenberg" (Herzogin von Hohenberg) with the style "Her Highness" (Ihre Hoheit). He was disappointed when Austria-Hungary failed to act as a Great Power, such as during the Boxer Rebellion, in 1900. He was also designated as the heir to the Duchy of Modena and Reggio, but he never reigned, owing to the Napoleonic Wars. Baron Margutti, Francis Joseph's aide-de-camp, was told by Francis Ferdinand in 1895 and--with a remarkable consistency in view of the changes that took place in the intervening years--again in 1913, that the introduction of the dual system in 1867 had been disastrous and that, when he ascended the throne, he intended to re-establish strong central government: this objective, he believed, could be attained only by the simultaneous granting of far-reaching administrative autonomy to all the nationalities of the monarchy. All of the conspirators were eventually found and arrested. [4] The event led to a chain of events that eventually triggered World War I. Free for commercial use, no attribution required. The German historian Michael Freund described Franz Ferdinand as "a man of uninspired energy, dark in appearance and emotion, who radiated an aura of strangeness and cast a shadow of violence and recklessness ... a true personality amidst the amiable inanity that characterized Austrian society at this time. Corrections? Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria von Österreich-Este (1863 - 1914) Ferdinand never married. One of his projects--though because of his impatient, suspicious, almost hysterical temperament, his commitment to it, and the methods by which he proposed to bring it about, often changed--was to consolidate the structure of the state and the authority and popularity of the Crown, on which he saw clearly that the fate of the dynasty depended, by abolishing, if not the dominance of the German Austrians, which he wished to maintain for military reasons, though he wanted to diminish it in the civil administration, certainly the far more burdensome sway of the Magyars over the Slav and Romanian nationalities which in 1848-49 had saved the dynasty in armed combat with the Hungarian revolution. Franz Ferdinand is interred with his wife Sophie in Artstetten Castle, Austria. "[16] His relations with Emperor Franz Joseph were tense; the emperor's personal servant recalled in his memoirs that "thunder and lightning always raged when they had their discussions. Ferdinand Karl von Tirol 1628-1662. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Browse upcoming and past auction lots by Anonymous-Austrian 19. Momentum became unstoppable, sparking one of the deadliest conflicts in history—World War I. For much of the Napoleonic Wars he was in command of the Austrian army. For example, in 1904 he wrote that "The Hungarians are all rabble, regardless of whether they are minister or duke, cardinal or burgher, peasant, hussar, domestic servant, or revolutionary" and he regarded even István Tisza as a revolutionary and "patented traitor". 1532–1590. As ruler of Austria, he was also President of the German Confederation , King of Hungary , Croatia and Bohemia (as Ferdinand V ), King of Lombardy–Venetia and holder of many other lesser titles (see grand title of the Emperor of Austria ). Juni 1875 in Prag) war von 1835 bis 1848 Kaiser von Österreich und König von Böhmen und als Ferdinand V. seit 1830 auch König von Ungarn und Kroatien. [34], A detailed account of the shooting can be found in Sarajevo by Joachim Remak:[35], The assassinations, along with the arms race, nationalism, imperialism, militarism, and the alliance system all contributed to the origins of World War I, which began a month after Franz Ferdinand's death, with Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia. Free for commercial use, no attribution required. There are two portraits below, showing Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg. He was still alive when witnesses arrived to render aid. Soldiers arresting Gavrilo Princip after the assassination of Franz Ferdinand, June 1914. He died on December 24, 1806 in Wien, Wien, Austria. Ferdinando Carlo Archduke of Austria 1628-1662. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. His assassination in Sarajevo precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia. Article by William Armstrong. [8], Franz Ferdinand, like most males in the ruling Habsburg line, entered the Austro-Hungarian Army at a young age. It was too late; he died within minutes. This caused the Central Powers (including Germany and Austria-Hungary) and the Allies of World War I (countries allied with Serbia or Serbia's allies) to declare war on each other, starting World War I.[2][3][4]. "[15] As his sometime admirer Karl Kraus put it, "he was not one who would greet you ... he felt no compulsion to reach out for the unexplored region which the Viennese call their heart. Sophie also died en route to the hospital. Archduke Franz Ferdinand wrote, however, “I live and shall die for federalism; it is the sole salvation for the monarchy, if anything can save it.” Out of favour with the court for his morganatic marriage and resented by the Hungarians and by conservatives, the heir apparent…, …heir to the throne, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, by a Bosnian Serb in June 1914 augured poorly for the future of Austria-Hungary unless it showed resolve in dealing with the provocation. Princip's sentence was 20 years of solitary confinement, and he was to receive no food on one day each month. Approximately 100,000 trophies were on exhibit at his Bohemian castle at Konopiště[21][22] which he also stuffed with various antiquities, his other great passion. Franz Ferdinand (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was an Archduke of Austria-Este, Austro-Hungarian and Royal Prince of Hungary and of Bohemia, and from 1889 until his death, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne. With…, In June 1914 Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the heir of Franz Joseph, participated in army maneuvers in the provinces of Bosnia and Herzegovina, disregarding warnings that his visit would arouse considerable hostility. Franz Ferdinand, archduke of Austria-Este, German Franz Ferdinand, Erzherzog von Österreich-Este, also called Francis Ferdinand, (born December 18, 1863, Graz, Austria—died June 28, 1914, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Austria-Hungary [now in Bosnia and Herzogovina]), Austrian archduke whose assassination (1914) was the immediate cause of World War I. Franz Ferdinand was the eldest son of the archduke Charles Louis, who was the brother of the emperor Franz Joseph. Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Peter Ferdinand von Österreich-Toskana Archduke Peter Ferdinand Salvator Karl Ludwig Maria Joseph Leopold Anton Rupert Pius Pancrazwas born on 12 May 1874. Whenever a function required the couple to assemble with the other members of the imperial family, Sophie was forced to stand far down the line, separated from her husband. C. Bertelsmann Verlag, 1961. p.901. In 1889, Franz Ferdinand's life changed dramatically. Overview of the start of World War I, including details of the June 28, 1914, assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. Upon the marriage, Sophie was given the title "Princess of Hohenberg" (Fürstin von Hohenberg) with the style "Her Serene Highness" (Ihre Durchlaucht). Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-Ferdinand-Archduke-of-Austria-Este, 1914-1918-online International Encyclopedia of the First World War - Biography of Franz Ferdinand, The World of the Habsburgs - Archduke Franz Ferdinand - Heir to the Throne, Spartacus Educational - Biography of Archduke Franz Ferdinand, National WWI Museum and Memorial - June 28, 1914, Francis Ferdinand - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up), Witness the beginning of World War I with the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand on June 28, 1914, View historical footage and photographs surrounding Gavrilo Princip's assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand. [20] In his diaries he kept track of an estimated 300,000 game kills, 5,000 of which were deer. Köpeczi, Béla (General Editor); Szász, Zoltán (Editor) (1994). 1529–1595. Topics: duke, portrait, ferdinand, erzherzog, österreich modena, gravur, archduke, engraving, aristocracy, aristokratie, archduke of austria, high resolution, prints, italian war Sohn des Erzherzogs Karl II. [5] Sophie would not share her husband's rank, title, precedence, or privileges; as such, she would not normally appear in public beside him. In foreign affairs he tried to restore Austro-Russian understanding without endangering the alliance with Germany. His cousin Crown Prince Rudolf committed suicide at his hunting lodge in Mayerling. [5] The only members of the imperial family who were present were Franz Ferdinand's stepmother, Princess Maria Theresa of Braganza, and her two daughters. Ferdinand von Österreich-Este was born on June 1, 1754 in Schonbrunn, son of Franz Stephan von Lotharingen and Maria Theresia Walburga Amalia Christina von Österreich. The reverse shows the entrance to the crypt of the Hohenberg family. Explore genealogy for Franz Ferdinand von Österreich-Este born 1863 Graz, Styria, Austria-Hungary died 1914 Sarajevo, Bosnia, Austria-Hungary including ancestors + more in the free family tree community. The couple had previously been attacked when a grenade was thrown at their car. Dated: 1770. [4] His dying words to Sophie were, 'Don't die darling, live for our children. If you want to ace it, you’ll need to know the history of the United States, some of the most famous people in history, what happened during World War II, and much more. Franz Ferdinand enjoyed hunting and recorded that he had killed more than 272,400 animals during his lifetime. His assassination in Sarajevo is considered the most immediate cause of World War I. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. Archduke Ferdinand Karl Joseph of Austria-Este (April 25, 1781 – November 5, 1850) was the third son of Archduke Ferdinand of Austria-Este and of his wife Princess Maria Beatrice Ricciarda d'Este, last member and heiress of the house of Este. To be eligible to marry a member of the Imperial House of Habsburg, one had to be a member of one of the reigning or formerly reigning dynasties of Europe. 19 April 1793 – 29 June 1875) was the Emperor of Austria from March 1835 until his abdication in December 1848. [6] Henceforth, Franz Ferdinand was groomed to succeed to the throne. Ferdinand Karl, Archduke of Austria. This fanned the flames of dissent among Serbian nationalists even further. William II and Bethmann Hollweg urged strong measures against Serbia and reasserted their unconditional loyalty if war should eventuate. Austro-Hungarian Empire Royalty. Source(s): b: Die Bischöfe des Heiligen Römischen Reiches; Ferdinand I. Karl Leopold Joseph Franz Marcellin der Gütige Habsburg-Lothringen von Österreich was born 19 April 1793 in Vienna, Austria to Franz II. Franz Ferdinand thus became one of the wealthiest men in Austria. Ferdinand Karl von Österreich-Este Österreich-Este, Ferdinand von 1821-1849 Ferdinand Karl Viktor d'Este, rakouský arcivévoda, 1821-1849 VIAF ID: 81190128 (Personal) Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). [5] This left Franz Ferdinand's father, Karl Ludwig, as first in line to the throne. After completing the planned reception at City Hall, the shaken royal couple insisted on changing their schedule and visiting the hospital to check on one of the officers injured in the morning attack. Other nations, including, in his description, "dwarf states like Belgium and Portugal",[28] had soldiers stationed in China, but Austria-Hungary did not. Pope Leo XIII, Tsar Nicholas II of Russia, and the German Emperor Wilhelm II all made representations on his behalf to Emperor Franz Joseph of Austria, arguing that the disagreement between Franz Joseph and Franz Ferdinand was undermining the stability of the monarchy. Add a bio, trivia, and more. Franz Ferdinand. 1531–1581. von Innerösterreich (1540–1590) und der Maria von Bayern (1551–1608) einer Tochter Albrecht V., Herzog von Bayern. [36] The assassination of Ferdinand is considered the most immediate cause of World War I.[37]. von Österreich (1768-1835) and Maria Theresa delle Duo Sicilie (1772-1807) and died 29 July 1875 in Prague, Czech Republic of unspecified causes. "[29], The royal couple insisted on seeing all those injured at the hospital. At home he thought of political reforms that would have strengthened the position of the crown and weakened that of the Magyars against the other nationalities in Hungary. [23], Map of the federalization of Austria-Hungary planned by Archduke Franz Ferdinand, the member states with separate governments, Historians have disagreed on how to characterize the political philosophies of Franz Ferdinand, some attributing generally liberal views on the empire's nationalities while others have emphasized his dynastic centralism, Catholic conservatism, and tendency to clash with other leaders. Updates? Detailed information about the coin 1 Kreuzer, Ferdinand von Österreich, Grand Duchy of Würzburg, with pictures and collection and swap management : mintage, descriptions, metal, weight, size, value and other numismatic data Event Place Birth Place: Graz. 7. Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria von Österreich-Este war österreichischer Erzherzog und seit 1896 Thronfolger von Österreich-Ungarn aus dem Haus Habsburg-Lothringen. Princip tried to shoot himself but was apprehended by bystanders. Archduke Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria of Austria (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was the heir presumptive to the throne of Austria-Hungary. The driver of the couple’s car then sped off for medical help. Juni 1914 in Sarajevo ) war österreichischer Erzherzog und seit 1896 Thronfolger von Österreich-Ungarn aus dem Haus Habsburg-Lothringen . He was the founder of the House of Austria-Este and Governor of the Duchy of Milan between 1765 and 1796. Omissions? Magdalena von Österreich Fürstäbtissin des Damenstifts in Hall. The 1911 Gräf & Stift Bois de Boulogne tourer in which Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife were riding at the time of their assassination is now located in the Museum of Military History in Vienna. 3. Franz Ferdinand, archduke of Austria-Este. Josef Ferdinand von Österreich-Toskana: Josef Ferdinand Salvator Maria Franz Leopold Anton Albert Johann Baptist Karl Ludwig Rupert Maria Auxilatrix was born on 24 May 1872 in Salzburg. Ferdinand I of Austria. Ferdinand was born in Florence, Tuscany, into the House of Habsburg-Lorraine. Ferdinand Österreich, Erzherzog, 1628-1662 1628-1662. Archduke Franz Ferdinand (right) with his wife Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg and their three children, Princess Sophie, Maximilian, Duke of Hohenburg and Prince Ernst von Hohenberg in 1910, Franz Ferdinand (18 December 1863 – 28 June 1914) was an Archduke of Austria-Este, Austro-Hungarian and Royal Prince of Hungary and of Bohemia, and from 1889 until his death, heir presumptive to the Austro-Hungarian throne. He was frequently and rapidly promoted, given the rank of lieutenant at age fourteen, captain at twenty-two, colonel at twenty-seven, and major general at thirty-one. Francis Ferdinand was a prince of absolutist inclinations, but he had certain intellectual gifts and undoubted moral earnestness. Franz Ferdinand was a prominent and influential supporter of the Austro-Hungarian Navy in a time when sea power was not a priority in Austrian foreign policy and the Navy was relatively little known and supported by the public. Despite this burden, he did manage to find time for travel and personal pursuits, such as the time he spent hunting kangaroos and emus in Australia in 1893,[7] and the return trip to Austria sailing across the Pacific on the RMS Empress of China from Yokohama to Vancouver. He also advocated a careful approach towards Serbia - repeatedly locking horns with Franz Conrad von Hötzendorf, Vienna's hard-line Chief of the General Staff, warning that harsh treatment of Serbia would bring Austria-Hungary into open conflict with Russia, to the ruin of both Empires. Ferdinand Karl, ärkehertig av Österrike, 1628-1662. Beim Attentat von Sarajevo wurden er und seine Frau Sophie Herzogin von Hohenberg von dem bosnisch-serbischen Nationalisten Gavrilo Princip ermordet. His plans were based on the realization that any nationalistic policy pursued by one section of the population would endanger the multinational Habsburg empire. The bomb bounced off the back of the vehicle and exploded behind them, injuring members of the entourage who were in the next car and peppering bystanders with shrapnel. Explore the lost gallery's photos on Flickr. After his assassination in 1914, the Navy honoured Franz Ferdinand and his wife with a lying in state aboard SMS Viribus Unitis. "[18] The Italian historian Leo Valiani provided the following description. KAISER FERDINAND I VON ÖSTERREICH. "Ferdinand von Oesterreich / Velazquez" Picture by AKG Images posters, art prints, canvas prints, greeting cards or gallery prints. Franz in 1913, as heir-presumptive to the elderly emperor, had been appointed inspector general of all the armed forces of Austria-Hungary (Generalinspektor der gesamten bewaffneten Macht), a position superior to that previously held by Archduke Albrecht and including presumed command in wartime.[12]. Ferdinand deflected the grenade and it detonated far behind them. "[17] The commentaries and orders which the heir to the throne wrote as margin notes to the documents of the Imperial central commission for architectural conservation (where he was Protector) reveal what can be described as "choleric conservativism. Austria Austro Hungarian European History Ferdinand Art Object 17th Century Les Oeuvres Buy Art The Past. One of Sophie's direct ancestors was Albert IV, Count of Habsburg; she was descended from Elisabeth of Habsburg, a sister of King Rudolph I of Germany. Katharina von Österreich Königin von Polen. Please select which sections you would like to print: While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. In a letter of February 1, 1913, to Berchtold, the Foreign Minister, in which he gave his reasons for not wanting war with Serbia, the Archduke said that "irredentism in our country ... will cease immediately if our Slavs are given a comfortable, fair and good life" instead of being trampled on (as they were being trampled on by the Hungarians). He was born in Graz, Austria, the eldest son of Archduke Karl Ludwig of Austria (younger brother of Franz Joseph and Maximilian) and of his second wife, Princess Maria Annunciata of Bourbon-Two Sicilies. [10] He further regarded the Hungarian branch of the Dual Monarchy’s army, the Honvédség, as an unreliable and potentially threatening force within the empire, complaining at the Hungarians' failure to provide funds for the joint army[26] and opposing the formation of artillery units within the Hungarian forces.[27]. Franz Ferdinand Carl Ludwig Joseph Maria von Österreich-Este (* 18. the lost gallery has uploaded 18116 photos to Flickr. [33] The archduke's aides attempted to undo his coat but realized they needed scissors to cut it open. Download Image of Ferdinand III., Erzherzog von Österreich Großherzog von Toskana. Finally, in 1899, Emperor Franz Joseph agreed to permit Franz Ferdinand to marry Sophie, on condition that the marriage would be morganatic and that their descendants would not have succession rights to the throne. [38], The British band Franz Ferdinand named themselves after him.[39]. Contribute to IMDb. He exerted influence on the armed forces even when he did not hold a specific command through a military chancery that produced and received documents and papers on military affairs. [10] In 1898 he was given a commission "at the special disposition of His Majesty" to make inquiries into all aspects of the military services and military agencies were commanded to share their papers with him.[11]. He is known to have shouted in anger to local officials, "So you welcome your guests with bombs?! The Choteks were not one of these families, although they did include among their ancestors, in the female line, princes of Baden, Hohenzollern-Hechingen, and Liechtenstein. In 1894 Franz Ferdinand met Countess Sophie Chotek at a ball in Prague. Franz Ferdinand began to visit Archduke Friedrich's villa in Pressburg (now Bratislava). Exempted from the death penalty because of his young age, Princip was sentenced to 20 years in prison, where he died from tuberculosis in 1918. Ferdinand I (German: Ferdinand I. When he was only eleven years old, his cousin Duke Francis V of Modena died, naming Franz Ferdinand his heir on condition that he add the name Este to his own. Sophie wrote to Franz Ferdinand during his convalescence from tuberculosis on the island of Lošinj in the Adriatic. How Franz Ferdinand & Kasabian Got Their Band Names??? [29] As the car was backing up, Princip approached and shot Sophie in the abdomen and Franz Ferdinand in the jugular vein. Archduke Ferdinand Karl Anton Joseph Johann Stanislaus of Austria, The Archduke of Austria-Este (1 June 1754-24 December 1806), was the fourth son and fourteenth child of Empress Maria Theresa I, Holy Roman Empress and her husband Prince Francis III Stephen, Duke of Lorraine . Archduchess Maria von Österreich Herzogin von Jülich, Kleve und Berg. [1], His assassination in Sarajevo precipitated Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia. Gavrilo Princip had taken a dose of cyanide to kill himself after killing the archduke, but the suicide attempt failed. Deeply in love, Franz Ferdinand refused to consider marrying anyone else.
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